Challenges of oral surgical interventions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is steadily increasing worldwide. The World Health Organization estimated that this number would reach approximately 552 million by 2030; however, research published in 2021 demonstrated that the recorded number of affected individuals had already exceeded 530 million. It is estimated that by the middle of this century, the number of people with diabetes mellitus will approach 800 million. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for approximately 90–95% of all cases of diabetes mellitus.

Patients frequently fail to recognize the symptoms of diabetes mellitus for prolonged periods, during which disease-related complications may develop. Consequently, chronic hyperglycemia may induce significant pathological alterations within the oral cavity.

The monograph “Challenges of Oral Surgical Interventions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus” emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic disturbances it induces within the organism. The consequences of chronic hyperglycemia that may affect hemostatic mechanisms, wound healing, peri-implant diseases, as well as the outcomes of oral surgical and implantological procedures, are described in detail. The monograph emphasizes the importance of adequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and provides clinical guidelines for patient management according to the degree of glycemic control, as well as appropriate protocols for managing acute medical emergencies.