Biomechanics and Modern Gait Analysis: The Path to Functional Gait

The monograph "Biomechanics and Modern Gait Analysis – The Path to Functional Gait" is the result of many years of clinical work in the Gait Analysis Laboratory of the Institute "Dr. Miroslav Zotović". The book serves as a comprehensive guide for professionals and students, combining biophysics and kinesiology to address complex locomotion problems.

Gait is defined as a state of dynamic equilibrium and a complex motor activity that depends on the interaction of the nervous, musculoskeletal, and cardiorespiratory systems. The theoretical section covers biomechanical concepts in detail, such as inverse dynamics (bottom-up analysis) and top-down analysis (from neural command to movement). The gait cycle is explained through the stance and swing phases, alongside spatio-temporal parameters such as speed, cadence, and step length.

Special emphasis is placed on instrumental 3D analysis using the Zebris FDM-T system. This device enables the digitalization of movement through the "Butterfly" analysis of the center of pressure (COP) trajectory and precise measurement of plantar loading. The monograph highlights the advantages of integrating virtual reality (VR) and treadmill training, which enables dual-tasking exercises and visual biofeedback to promote neuroplasticity.

The central clinical section describes specific pathological patterns and rehabilitation protocols for various conditions: stroke, where the focus is on symmetry and weight-bearing of the paretic limb; managing festination and "freezing" of gait through visual and auditory cues (cueing) in Parkinson's disease; managing ataxia and fatigue in multiple sclerosis; gait training with a prosthesis and knee stability in individuals with lower limb amputation, as well as foot drop prevention, ulcer protection, and strengthening stability to prevent fractures in diabetic polyneuropathy and osteoporosis.

The book concludes that a holistic approach, combining precise biomechanical diagnostics with advanced therapies, is essential for restoring functional and independent gait.